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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(2): 254-259, 20240220. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532610

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes de la vía biliar y la mayoría de los casos se diagnostican de forma incidental o en estadios avanzados. En Colombia existen pocas publicaciones acerca de la prevalencia y características clínicas de pacientes con cáncer insospechado de vesícula biliar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información existente. Métodos. Estudio de tipo transversal basado en registros médicos. Como variable de resultado se definió el hallazgo incidental de patología maligna reportado por un patólogo y el subtipo histológico. Se midieron variables demográficas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se calcularon OR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC95%). Resultados. De los 2630 casos analizados, en cuatro se hizo diagnóstico de cáncer incidental de vesícula, con una prevalencia del 0,15 %. Se encontraron como características asociadas al cáncer incidental de vesícula, la edad, el antecedente de cáncer y la presencia de pólipos. Conclusiones. Esta es una patología poco frecuente en la población evaluada, lo que permite afirmar que no es necesario realizar estudios prequirúrgicos más amplios de forma rutinaria, a menos que el paciente presente alguno de los factores asociados.


Introduction. Gallbladder cancer is one of the most common neoplasms of the bile duct and most cases are diagnosed incidentally or in advanced stages. In Colombia, there are few publications about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with unsuspected gallbladder cancer. The objective of this work was to update the existing information. Methods. Cross-sectional study based on medical records. The incidental finding of malignant pathology reported and the histological subtype were defined as the outcome variable. Demographic, clinical and surgical variables were measured. ORs were calculated with their respective 95% CI. Results. Of the 2630 cases analyzed, four were diagnosed with incidental gallbladder cancer, with a prevalence of 0.15%. Characteristics associated with incidental gallbladder cancer were age, history of cancer and the presence of polyps. Conclusions. This is a rare pathology in the population evaluated, which allows us to recommend that it is not necessary to routinely perform more extensive presurgical studies, unless the patient presents any of the associated factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholecystectomy , Gallbladder , Neoplasms , Polyps , Prevalence , Incidental Findings
2.
Alerta (San Salvador) ; 7(1): 29-35, ene. 26, 2024. ilus, tab.
Article in Spanish | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1526691

ABSTRACT

Presentación del caso. Se trata de una paciente femenina de 45 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y múltiples cirugías por cáncer, entre ellas, cáncer de tiroides, carcinoma de parótida, cáncer de mama y cáncer endometrial. De manera incidental se identificó una lesión en el hemisferio cerebeloso derecho en una tomografía de senos paranasales, que fue confirmada a través de una resonancia magnética cerebral. La lesión presentaba una apariencia estriada, característica de gangliocitoma displásico del cerebelo o enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos. Considerando los antecedentes de diversos tipos de cáncer y los criterios de diagnóstico propuestos por el Consorcio Internacional Cowden y la Red Nacional Integral del Cáncer, se estableció el diagnóstico de síndrome de Cowden que había pasado desapercibido hasta el momento. Intervención terapéutica. Posteriormente, la paciente fue hospitalizada debido al crecimiento de una masa metastásica en el hemicuello derecho con afectación del plexo braquial, adenopatías cervicales, infraclaviculares y axilares derechas. Evolución clínica. En la actualidad, se encuentra recibiendo tratamiento paliativo con el objetivo de controlar los síntomas y mejorar su calidad de vida, ya que expresó su negativa a someterse a una intervención quirúrgica de resección tumoral


Case presentation. The report is of a 45-year-old female patient with a history of high blood pressure and multiple surgeries for cancer, including thyroid cancer, parotid carcinoma, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. Incidentally, a lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere was identified in a tomography of the paranasal sinuses, which was later confirmed in a brain magnetic resonance. The lesion had a striated appearance, characteristic of dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum or Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Considering the history of various types of cancer and the diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Cowden Consortium and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the diagnosis of Cowden syndrome, which had gone unnoticed until now, was established. Treatment. Subsequently, the patient was hospitalized due to the growth of a metastatic mass in the right hemicollar with involvement of the brachial plexus, cervical, infraclavicular, and right axillary lymph nodes. Outcome. She is receiving palliative treatment to control the symptoms and improve her quality of life, since she expressed her refusal to undergo tumor resection surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple , El Salvador
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 121(2): e20230222, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533741

ABSTRACT

Resumo Os fibroelastomas são o segundo tumor cardíaco benigno mais comum. São estruturas pequenas, avasculares, com uma dimensão média de 9mm, podendo atingir até 70mm, habitualmente aderentes à superfície das válvulas cardíacas (válvulas aórtica e mitral são as mais comumente afetadas, seguidas das válvulas tricúspide e pulmonar). A etiologia não é clara, sendo a hipótese de formação de microtrombos nas margens de coaptação das válvulas a mais aceite. Na ecocardiografia apresentam aspeto pediculado, móvel, com superfície filamentosa, tipicamente com uma aparência pontilhada nas margens e ecolucente. Do ponto de vista clínico, podem estar associados a fenómenos embólicos, no entanto, na maioria dos casos o diagnóstico é incidental. Apresentamos de seguida quatro casos de diagnóstico incidental de fibroelastomas nas quatro válvulas cardíacas, diagnosticados por ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) (Vídeo 1; Figura 1). Vídeo 1 Da esquerda para a direita, de cima para baixo: fibroelastomas no folheto anterior da válvula tricúspide, folheto anterior da válvula mitral, cúspide esquerda da válvula pulmonar e cúspide esquerda da válvula aórtica, cada um correspondendo a um doente diferente. Em: http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12102/2023-0222_IM_video01.mp4 Figura 1 Da esquerda para a direita, de cima para baixo: fibroelastomas no folheto anterior da válvula tricúspide, folheto anterior da válvula mitral, cúspide esquerda da válvula pulmonar e cúspide esquerda da válvula aórtica, cada um correspondendo a um doente diferente.


Abstract Fibroelastomas are the second most common benign cardiac tumor1. They are small avascular structures with a mean size of 9mm, ranging up to 70mm, usually attached to the heart valves' surface (aortic and mitral are the most affected, followed by tricuspid and pulmonary valves). Their etiology is unclear, but the hypothesis of coalescence of microthrombus at the coaptation margins of valves is the most widely accepted theory. On echocardiography, they are pedicled, mobile, with a filamentous surface, and usually have a speckled appearance with echolucencies and a stippled pattern near the edges. Clinically, they may be associated with embolic phenomena; however, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. We present a series of four clinical cases with an incidental diagnosis of fibroelastomas across the four cardiac valves as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (Video 1; Figure 1). Video 1 From left to right and top to bottom: fibroelastomas of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, left cusp of the pulmonary valve and left cuspid of the aortic valve, each corresponding to a different patient. Link: http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12102/2023-0222_IM_video01.mp4 Figure 1 From left to right and top to bottom: fibroelastomas of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, left cusp of the pulmonary valve and left cuspid of the aortic valve, each corresponding to a different patient.

4.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 22: eRC0267, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534328

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Littoral cell angioma is an extremely rare splenic vascular tumor originating from the cells lining the splenic red pulp sinuses. Approximately 150 cases of littoral cell angioma have been reported since 1991. Its clinical manifestation is usually asymptomatic and is mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding through abdominal imaging. Herein, we present a case of littoral cell angioma in a 41-year-old woman with no previous comorbidities, which initially presented as a nonspecific splenic lesion diagnosed on imaging in the emergency room. The patient was treated through laparoscopic intervention.

5.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e368, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512933

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: As calcificações de artérias coronárias (CAC) mostram-se como fator preditivo de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax com protocolo de aquisição de baixa dose apresenta acurácia na identificação de CAC e propicia achados incidentais dessas calcificações, que são comumente negligenciados. Este estudo analisará a prevalência de achados incidentais de calcificação em artérias coronárias em indivíduos não cardiopatas submetidos à TC de tórax. Métodos: Estudo transversal consecutivo de caráter analítico e descritivo. Foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos que realizaram TC de tórax por encaminhamento, acima de 18 anos e não cardiopatas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de prontuários e ficha de anamnese auto aplicada. As variáveis referentes às CAC e à extensão do comprometimento foram obtidas a partir da reavaliação das imagens de TC de tórax disponíveis no sistema da instituição. Os exames foram anonimizados e avaliados por dois médicos radiologistas experientes. Considerou-se como estatisticamente significativo p≤0,05. Resultados: Foram analisados 397 exames. Encontrou-se prevalência de calcificações em 176 (44%) dos casos. A existência dessas calcificações coronárias está relacionada à idade (p<0,001). As calcificações possuem relação com o sexo (p = 0,03) com maior razão de chance de desenvolvimento em homens (odds ratio [OR] = 1,55). O tabagismo (p<0,001), o sedentarismo (p<0,001), a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p<0,001), o diabetes mellitus (p = 0,04) e as dislipidemias (p<0,001) mostraram associação positiva. Conclusão: A prevalência de achados incidentais de CAC foi de 44%; variam em maior número entre leve e grave; maior razão de chance no sexo masculino e aumento da prevalência com a idade. Portanto, a TC de tórax mostra-se um efetivo método para avaliar as CAC, e juntamente com a história clínica do paciente pode ser utilizada para medir os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e intervir no desfecho do quadro.(AU)


Introduction: Coronary artery calcifications (CAC) are shown to be a predictive factor of cardiovascular diseases. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest with a low-dose acquisition protocol is accurate in identifying CAC and provides incidental findings of these calcifications, which are commonly overlooked. This study will analyze the prevalence of incidental findings of calcification in coronary arteries in non-cardiac individuals undergoing chest CT. Methods: Consecutive cross-sectional study of an analytical and descriptive nature. Individuals of both genders who underwent chest CT by referral, over 18 years of age and without heart disease were included. Data collection was carried out using medical records and a self-applied anamnesis form. The variables referring to the CAC and the extension of the impairment were obtained from the reassessment of the chest CT images available in the institution's system. The exams were anonymized and evaluated by two experienced radiologists. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 397 exams were analyzed. A prevalence of calcifications was found in 176 (44%) of the cases. The existence of these coronary calcifications is related to age (p<0.001). Calcifications are related to gender (p = 0.03) with a higher odds ratio of development in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55). Smoking (p<0.001), sedentary lifestyle (p<0.001), systemic arterial hypertension (p<0.001), Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.04), and dyslipidemia (p<0.001) showed a positive association. Conclusion: The prevalence of incidental CAC findings was 44%; vary in greater numbers between mild and severe; higher odds ratio in males and increased prevalence with age. Therefore, chest CT proves to be an effective method to assess CAC, and together with the patient's clinical history, it can be used to measure risk factors for CVD and intervene in the outcome of the condition.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Incidental Findings , Vascular Calcification/physiopathology , Vascular Calcification/prevention & control , Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging , Tobacco Use Disorder/etiology , Chest Pain/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Dyspnea/etiology , Hemoptysis/etiology , Hypertension/etiology
6.
Medicina (Ribeirao Preto, Online) ; 56(1)abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442330

ABSTRACT

Objective: Describe incidental tomographic in the sample, correlating them with risk factors for chest diseases and sociodemographic data. Methods: This is a retrospective and observational study covering 162 patients admitted to the COVID sector of the HU/UFJF, from April 1, 2020, to July 7, 2021, with a confirmed laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. The variables were described in absolute and relative frequencies. The comparison of the correlation between the outcome variable (the tomographic findings) for independent samples was performed using Pearson's chi-square test (without correction) or Fisher's test when relevant. Results: Of the 162 patients, 15.4% had a solitary pulmonary nodule; 14.8% had multiple pulmonary nodules; 1.8%, lung mass; 3.1%, mediastinal mass, and 9.3% had mediastinal adenomegaly. Findings such as excavations, pleural effusion, emphysema, PTE, pneumothorax, chronic interstitial disease, cavitation, aneurysms, and significant atheromatosis, classified in this study in the "Other" category showed impressive results, with an overall prevalence of 81.5%. This study demonstrated that 34% of patients had two or more types of incidental CT findings and that 88.3% of patients had at least some type of incidental CT finding. Conclusion: The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infections has brought a series of challenges and lessons learned to healthcare teams around the world. The massive implementation of highly sensitive diagnostic methods, such as chest tomography, ends up bringing an additional challenge, which is to deal with incidental findings, making good clinical reasoning necessary to avoid unnecessary investigations and not leave without diagnosis and treatment of diseases in early and asymptomatic stages (AU)


Objetivo: Descrever os achados incidentais tomográficos na amostra, correlacionando-os com fatores de risco para doenças torácicas e dados sociodemográficos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, abrangendo 162 pacientes admitidos no setor COVID do HU/UFJF, no período de 1º de abril de 2020 a 7 de julho de 2021, com diagnóstico laboratorial confirmado de COVID-19. As variáveis em frequências absolutas e relativas foram descritas. A comparação da correlação entre a variável desfecho (os achados tomográficos) para amostras independentes foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (sem correção) ou Fisher quando pertinente. Resultado: Dos 162 pacientes, 15,4% apresentavam nódulo pulmonar solitário; 14,8%, nódulos pulmonares múltiplos; 1,8%, massa pulmonar; 3,1%, massa mediastinal e 9,3%, adenomegalia mediastinal. Achados como escavações, derrame pleural, enfisema, TEP, pneumotórax, intersticiopatia crônica, cavitação, aneurismas e ateromatose significativa, classificados, neste estudo, na categoria "Outros", apresentaram resultados impactantes, com uma prevalência global de 81,5%. Este estudo demonstrou que 34% dos pacientes apresentavam 2 ou mais tipos de achados tomográficos incidentais e que 88,3% dos pacientes apresentavam pelo menos algum tipo de achado tomográfico incidental. Conclusão: A pandemia de infecções pelo SARS-CoV-2 trouxe uma série de desafios e aprendizados para as equipes de saúde em todo o mundo. A realização maciça de métodos diagnósticos de elevada sensibilidade, como a tomográfica de tórax, acaba por trazer um desafio adicional, que é o de lidar com achados incidentais, fazendo-se necessário um bom raciocínio clínico para evitar investigações desnecessárias e não deixar sem diagnóstico e tratamento doenças em fases iniciais e assintomáticas


Subject(s)
Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Incidental Findings , Multidetector Computed Tomography , COVID-19
7.
Radiol. bras ; 56(2): 59-66, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440840

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of histogram analysis on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for differentiating between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas (PCCs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with proven PCCs who had undergone CT examinations between January 2009 and July 2019 at one of two institutions. For each PCC, we selected one or two adenomas diagnosed within two weeks of the date of diagnosis of the PCC. For each lesion, two readers scored the size, determined the mean attenuation, and generated a voxel histogram. The 10th percentile (P10) was obtained from the conventional histogram analysis, as well as being calculated with the following formula: P10 = mean attenuation - (1.282 × standard deviation). The mean attenuation threshold, histogram analysis (observed) P10, and calculated P10 (calcP10) were compared in terms of their diagnostic accuracy. Results: We included 52 adenomas and 29 PCCs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the mean attenuation threshold were 75.0%, 100.0%, and 82.5%, respectively, for reader 1, whereas they were 71.5%, 100.0%, and 81.5%, respectively, for reader 2. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the observed P10 and calcP10 were equal for both readers: 90.4%, 96.5%, and 92.6%, respectively, for reader 1; and 92.3%, 93.1%, and 92.6%, respectively, for reader 2. The increase in sensitivity was significant for both readers (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: For differentiating between adenomas and PCCs, the histogram analysis (observed P10 and calcP10) appears to outperform the mean attenuation threshold as a diagnostic criterion.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica da análise por histograma na tomografia computadorizada (TC) sem contraste para a diferenciação entre adenomas adrenais e feocromocitomas (FCCs). Materiais e Métodos: Identificamos, retrospectivamente, pacientes com diagnóstico de FCC confirmado que foram submetidos a exames de TC entre janeiro de 2009 e julho de 2019 em duas instituições distintas. Para cada FCC, selecionamos um ou dois adenomas diagnosticados em até duas semanas da data do diagnóstico do FCC. Para cada lesão, dois leitores pontuaram o tamanho, determinaram a atenuação média e geraram um histograma com os voxels das imagens. O percentil 10 (P10) foi obtido a partir da análise convencional do histograma, além de ser calculado com a seguinte fórmula: P10 = atenuação média - (1,282 × desvio-padrão). O limiar de atenuação média, o P10 da análise por histograma (P10 observado) e o P10 calculado (P10calc) foram comparados em termos de acurácia diagnóstica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 52 adenomas e 29 FCCs. A sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia do limiar de atenuação média foram de 75,0%, 100,0% e 82,5% para o leitor 1, respectivamente, e de 71,5%, 100,0% e 81,5% para o leitor 2, respectivamente. A sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia do P10 observado e do P10calc foram idênticas para os dois leitores: 90,4%, 96,5% e 92,6%, respectivamente, para o leitor 1; e 92,3%, 93,1% e 92,6%, respectivamente, para o leitor 2. O aumento da sensibilidade foi significativo para ambos os leitores (p = 0,009 e p = 0,005, respectivamente). Conclusão: Para a diferenciação entre adenomas e FCCs, a análise por histograma (P10 observado ou P10calc) parece superar o limiar de atenuação média como critério diagnóstico.

8.
J. Transcatheter Interv ; 31: eA20230003, 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428063

ABSTRACT

Anomalias coronarianas são menos frequentes em relação às doenças coronarianas adquiridas, como a aterosclerose, e têm sido implicadas como causa de eventos cardiovasculares. Este relato de caso descreve um achado incidental por angiografia de coronária direita anômala com origem no seio coronariano esquerdo e trajeto intra-arterial, após episódio de morte súbita abortada. A análise do Heart Team indicou como melhor tratamento a abordagem percutânea com implante de stent farmacológico em origem de coronária direita, procedimento este que foi realizado com sucesso. Este relato de caso e estudos recentes têm demonstrado que o tratamento percutâneo de anomalias coronarianas é uma opção segura para pacientes selecionados, levando em consideração quadro clínico, estudo anatômico e capacitação da equipe de hemodinâmica


Coronary anomalies are less frequent than acquired coronary diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and have been implicated as a cause of cardiovascular events. This case report describes an incidental finding on angiography of an anomalous right coronary artery with origin in the left coronary sinus and an intra-arterial course, after an episode of aborted sudden death. The Heart Team analysis indicated a percutaneous approach with drug-eluting stent implantation at the origin of the right coronary artery as the best treatment, and the procedure was successfully performed. This case report and recent studies have demonstrated percutaneous treatment of coronary anomalies is a safe option for selected patients, considering clinical presentation, anatomy study, and training of the cath lab team

9.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 38(1): 166-173, 20221230. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415994

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El retroperitoneo es una estructura que se extiende desde el diafragma hasta la pelvis, está delimitado adelante por el peritoneo parietal, atrás y a los lados por la fascia transversalis y se divide en 9 compartimientos. Se pueden encontrar lesiones primarias o secundarias, cuya evolución clínica varía desde un curso indolente hasta rápidamente progresivo, tanto local como a distancia. Su enfoque, desde el hallazgo hasta el tratamiento, es fundamental para el desenlace oncológico. Objetivo. Analizar la evaluación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las masas retroperitoneales halladas incidentalmente y brindar un algoritmo de manejo. Métodos. Se hizo búsqueda en bases de datos como PubMed y MedicalKey de literatura referentes a tumores retroperitoneales, su diagnóstico y enfoque terapéutico, con el fin de presentar una revisión sobre el abordaje de las masas retroperitoneales y dar nuestras opiniones. Resultados. Se revisaron 43 referencias bibliográficas internacionales y nacionales, y se seleccionaron 20 de ellas, de donde se obtuvieron datos actualizados, recomendaciones de guías internacionales y experiencias nacionales, con lo cual se estructuró este manuscrito. Conclusiones. Las masas retroperitoneales abarcan un espectro de patologías que establecen un reto diagnóstico por su origen embriológico, localización y baja frecuencia. El diagnostico histológico es de vital importancia desde el inicio, para conocer la evolución natural de la enfermedad, y el manejo multidisciplinario en centros de referencia es fundamental para impactar en los desenlaces oncológicos. Existen variadas modalidades terapéuticas, como quimioterapia, radioterapia y resección quirúrgica con estándares oncológicos


Introduction. The retroperitoneum is an structure that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis, bounded anteriorly by the parietal peritoneum, posteriorly and laterally by the transversalis fascia, and it is divided into 9 compartments. We can find primary or secondary lesions whose clinical evolution varies from an indolent course to a rapidly progressive one, both local and distant. Its approach from discovery to diagnosis and treatment is essential for the oncological outcomes. Objective. To analyze the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of incidental retroperitoneal masses according to their origin and to provide a management algorithm. Methods. An updated literature search was carried out in databases such as PubMed and Medical Key on retroperitoneal tumors, therapeutic approach and diagnosis, obtaining national and international information to carry out a review article on the approach to retroperitoneal masses.Results. Forty-three international and national bibliographic references were reviewed, based on 20 updated data, recommendations from international guidelines and national experiences were obtained, with which a review and opinion manuscript was structured.Conclusions. Retroperitoneal masses cover a spectrum of pathologies that establish a diagnostic challenge due to their embryological origin, location and low frequency. Histological diagnosis is of vital importance from the beginning to know the natural evolution of the disease and multidisciplinary management in reference centers is essential to impact oncological outcomes. There are many therapeutic modalities from chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection with oncological standards


Subject(s)
Humans , Peritoneum , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal , Incidental Findings , Sarcoma , Surgical Oncology , Lymphoma , Neoplasms
10.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(3): 440-444, jul.-set. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403595

ABSTRACT

The persistent left superior vena cava is the most common venous anomaly in the systemic drainage in adults and tends to be asymptomatic. The persistent left superior vena cava causes rhythm disorders such as tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias. We report a case of persistent left superior vena cava diagnosed in a 53-year-old female patient admitted due to an acute coronary syndrome associated with unstable bradycardia. A transvenous peacemaker impressed the left atrium; therefore, a transthoracic echocardiogram was required to diagnose persistent left superior vena cava. The patient needed management with percutaneous intervention; she had an adequate evolution and subsequent discharge from the intensive care unit


La vena cava superior izquierda persistente es la anomalía venosa más frecuente en el drenaje sistémico en adultos; tiende a ser asintomática, pero causa trastornos del ritmo como taquiarritmias o bradiarritmias. Se presenta un caso de vena cava superior izquierda persistente diagnosticada en una paciente de 53 años hospitalizada por un síndrome coronario agudo asociado a bradicardia inestable. Un marcapasos transvenoso dejó una impresión en la aurícula izquierda, por lo que se requirió un ecocardiograma transtorácico para diagnosticar la vena cava superior izquierda persistente. La paciente necesitó una intervención percutánea con una adecuada evolución y se le dio el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos.


Subject(s)
Vena Cava, Superior , Case Reports , Echocardiography , Incidental Findings , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Heart Defects, Congenital
11.
Radiol. bras ; 55(3): 145-150, May-june 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387080

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To estimate the frequency of lipid-poor adenomas (LPAs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated adrenal lesions on MRI examinations performed in a total of 2,014 patients between January 2016 and December 2017. After exclusions, the sample comprised 69 patients with 74 proven adenomas. Two readers (reader 1 and reader 2) evaluated lesion size, laterality, homogeneity, signal drop on out-of-phase (OP) images, and the signal intensity index (SII). An LPA was defined as a lesion with no signal drop on OP images and an SII < 16.5%. For 68 lesions, computed tomography (CT) scans (obtained within one year of the MRI) were also reviewed. Results: Of the 69 patients evaluated, 42 (60.8%) were women and 27 (39.2%) were men. The mean age was 59.2 ± 14.1 years. Among the 74 confirmed adrenal adenomas evaluated, the mean lesion size was 18.5 ± 7.7 mm (range, 7.0-56.0 mm) for reader 1 and 21.0 ± 8.3 mm (range, 7.0-55.0 mm) for reader 2 (p = 0.055). On the basis of the signal drop in OP MRI sequences, both readers identified five (6.8%) of the 74 lesions as being LPAs. When determined on the basis of the SII, that frequency was three (4.0%) for reader 1 and four (5.4%) for reader 2. On CT, 21 (30.8%) of the 68 lesions evaluated were classified as LPAs. Conclusion: The prevalence of LPA was significantly lower on MRI than on CT. That prevalence tends to be even lower when the definition of LPA relies on a quantitative analysis rather than on a qualitative (visual) analysis.


Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a frequência de adenomas pobres em lipídios (APLs) em exames de ressonância magnética (RM). Materiais e Métodos: Investigaram-se, retrospectivamente, as lesões adrenais em exames de RM realizados de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. Um total de 2.014 pacientes foi submetido a exames abdominais e, após exclusões, 69 pacientes com 74 adenomas foram recuperados. Determinaram-se o tamanho da lesão, a lateralidade, a homogeneidade, a queda do sinal em imagens fora-de-fase (FF) e o índice de intensidade do sinal (IIS). Foram utilizadas as seguintes definições para APLs: sem queda de sinal nas imagens FF e IIS < 16,5%. Para 68 lesões, havia imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC), com intervalo de até um ano da RM, que também foram analisadas. Resultados: Sessenta e nove pacientes foram incluídos, sendo 42 mulheres (60,8%) e 27 homens (39,2%). A média de idade foi 59,2 ± 14,1 anos. O tamanho médio do adenoma adrenal foi 18,5 ± 7,7 mm para o leitor 1 (7,0-56,0 mm) e 21,0 ± 8,3 mm (7,0-55,0 mm) para o leitor 2 (p = 0,055). A queda de sinal nas imagens FF mostrou que a frequência de APLs para ambos os leitores foi 6,8% (5/74). Para a análise quantitativa, a frequência foi 4,0% (3/74) para o leitor 1 e 5,4% (4/74) para o leitor 2. A frequência de APLs nas imagens de TC foi 21/68 lesões (30,8%). Conclusão: A prevalência de APLs em imagens de RM foi significativamente menor do que em exames de TC. Essa prevalência tende a ser ainda menor quando a definição de APL é baseada na análise quantitativa (IIS < 16,5%), em vez da análise visual.

12.
Radiol. bras ; 55(3): 173-180, May-june 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387093

ABSTRACT

Abstract Chest scans usually include the upper abdomen, leading radiologists to evaluate the upper abdominal structures. The aim of this article is to summarize the most common incidental upper abdominal findings that do not require further imaging or management in patients undergoing unenhanced computed tomography of the chest for the investigation of thoracic symptoms or diseases. We review common incidental findings of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, adrenal glands, kidney, and retroperitoneum, as well as findings that mimic other lesions. Thoracic radiologists should be aware of such typical findings and report when no further investigation is needed, thus avoiding unnecessary imaging examinations, protecting patients from additional medical interventions, and allaying patient concerns.


Resumo As tomografias de tórax geralmente incluem o abdome superior, o que implica a avaliação das estruturas abdominais superiores. Nosso objetivo é resumir os achados incidentais mais comuns do abdome superior que não requerem imagem ou tratamento adicional em pacientes submetidos a tomografia computadorizada de tórax sem contraste para investigar sintomas ou doenças torácicas. Achados incidentais comuns do fígado, vesícula biliar, baço, glândulas adrenais, rins, retroperitônio e alterações que podem mimetizar lesões nesses órgãos serão revisados. O radiologista torácico deve estar ciente de tais achados e relatar quando nenhuma investigação adicional for necessária, para evitar excesso de exames, especialmente com radiação ionizante, proteger os pacientes de intervenções médicas e de preocupações.

13.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 37(2): 271-272, Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376516

ABSTRACT

Abstract We present an unusual case of a 67-year-old woman with an incidental finding of a cardiac mass on a chest computed tomography. Coronary angiotomography confirmed the diagnosis of right coronary artery aneurysm, with 5.7×5.7 cm. The patient underwent aneurysm resection and coronary bypass surgery, with subsequent histologic study suggestive of arteritis sequelae. Giant coronary artery aneurysms have a high risk of complications and aneurysm exclusion must be beneficial. This is a rare condition that can also be part of a systemic inflammatory disease.

15.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 37(2): 298-304, 20220316. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362976

ABSTRACT

Las neoplasias apendiculares se presentan hasta en el 50 % de los casos como un episodio de apendicitis aguda. Existen características demográficas, clínicas y radiológicas que aumentan las posibilidades de un tumor apendicular subyacente, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos, son los hallazgos intraoperatorios los que alertan al cirujano. A pesar de que el tipo histológico determina la radicalidad del manejo quirúrgico de estos pacientes, algunas características macroscópicas pueden orientar a las patologías específicas y a una conducta adecuada. En general, los objetivos del manejo quirúrgico inicial se cumplen con una resección limitada al apéndice cecal, asociada a la citología de mucina y biopsia de los implantes peritoneales si están presentes, reservando las resecciones extendidas, como hemicolectomía derecha oncológica, para los pacientes con compromiso extenso de la base o del mesenterio apendicular ante la sospecha de neoplasias neuroendocrinas o adenocarcinoma del apéndice cecal.


Appendicular neoplasms present in up to 50% of cases as an episode of acute appendicitis. There are demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics that increase the chances of an underlying appendicular tumor; however, in most cases are the intraoperative findings that alert the surgeon. Although the histological type determines the radical nature of the surgical management of these patients, some macroscopic characteristics can guide specific pathologies and appropriate behavior. In general, the objectives of initial surgical management are met with a limited resection of the cecal appendix, associated with mucin cytology and biopsy of peritoneal implants if present, reserving extended resections such as oncological right hemicolectomy for patients with extensive compromise of the base or appendicular mesentery when neuroendocrine neoplasms or adenocarcinoma of the cecal appendix are suspected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Appendectomy , Appendiceal Neoplasms , Incidental Findings , Appendicitis , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
16.
Clinics ; 77: 100022, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375195

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To investigate Incidental Thyroid Carcinoma (ITC) by comparing the results of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) cytology and the postoperative pathological findings. Methods Data of 1479 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were retrieved. Three hundred eighty-six patients were excluded due to insufficient data. Each surgical specimen studied received two histopathological diagnoses: the local diagnosis ‒ for the same area in which the FNAB was performed; and the final diagnosis, which includes a study of the entire surgical specimen. Results A thousand and ninety-three patients were investigated. FNAB result was malignant in 187 patients, benign in 204, suspicious or indeterminate in 668 cases, and inconclusive in 34 cases. The prevalence of ITC was 15.1%. Most of the ITC in this series was less than 0.5 cm. The incidence of ITC was higher in Bethesda III (17.5% ITC) and IV (19% ITC) than in Bethesda II cases (1.5% false negatives and 9% ITC). Conclusion Although the incidence of false-negative results in Bethesda II nodules is only 1.5%, 9% of these patients had ITC in the thyroid parenchyma outside the nodule that underwent preoperative FNAB. The incidence of ITC in the same scenario was even higher in Bethesda III (17.5%) and Bethesda IV cases (19%). Ultrasonography-guided FNAB is an excellent method for the assessment of thyroid nodules. However, biopsy sites should be carefully selected. Despite the high incidence of incidentalomas, total thyroidectomy should not always be the treatment of choice due to its rare but potentially serious complications. The findings of the present study can assist future clinical decisions towards active surveillance strategies for the management of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 48(4): e20220015, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375749

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Many health systems have been using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) as a first-line examination for ischaemic heart disease patients in various countries. The rising number of CCTA examinations has led to a significant increase in the number of reported incidental extracardiac findings, mainly in the chest. Pulmonary nodules are the most common incidental findings on CCTA scans, as there is a substantial overlap of risk factors between the population seeking to exclude ischaemic heart disease and those at risk of developing lung cancer (i.e., advanced age and smoking habits). However, most incidental findings are clinically insignificant and actively pursuing them could be cost-prohibitive and submit the patient to unnecessary and potentially harmful examinations. Furthermore, there is little consensus regarding when to report or actively exclude these findings and how to manage them, that is, when to trigger an alert or to immediately refer the patient to a pulmonologist, a thoracic surgeon or a multidisciplinary team. This pictorial essay discusses the current literature on this topic and is illustrated with a review of CCTA scans. We also propose a checklist organised by organ and system, recommending actions to raise awareness of pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, cardiologists and radiologists regarding the most significant and actionable incidental findings on CCTA scans.


RESUMO Muitos sistemas de saúde têm utilizado a angiotomografia coronariana (ATC) como exame de primeira linha para pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica em diversos países. O crescente número de exames de ATC tem levado a um aumento significativo do número de relatos de achados extracardíacos incidentais, principalmente no tórax. Nódulos pulmonares são os achados incidentais mais comuns nas imagens de ATC, pois há uma substancial sobreposição de fatores de risco entre a população que busca a exclusão de doença cardíaca isquêmica e aqueles em risco de desenvolver câncer de pulmão (por exemplo, idade avançada e tabagismo). No entanto, a maioria dos achados incidentais é clinicamente insignificante e seu seguimento ativo pode ter um custo proibitivo e submeter o paciente a exames desnecessários e potencialmente prejudiciais. Além disso, há pouco consenso sobre quando relatar ou ativamente excluir esses achados e como manejá-los, ou seja, quando acionar um alerta ou imediatamente encaminhar o paciente para um pneumologista, um cirurgião torácico ou uma equipe multidisciplinar. Este ensaio pictórico discute a literatura atual sobre esse tópico e é ilustrado com uma revisão de imagens de ATC. Também propomos uma lista de verificação organizada por órgão e sistema, recomendando ações para a conscientização de pneumologistas, cirurgiões torácicos, cardiologistas e radiologistas sobre os achados incidentais mais significativos e acionáveis nas imagens de ATC.

18.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(2): 202-208, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1379373

ABSTRACT

El Streptococcus gallolyticus del colon. La fisiopatología que explica este fenómeno implica el aumento local de niveles de lactato puede presentarse como el germen causal de la endocarditis infecciosa en pacientes con lesiones premalignas y malignas, colágeno, fibrinógeno y fibronectina secundario a la hiperactividad metabólica tumoral que genera un ambiente adecuado para el crecimiento y adhesión bacteriana a la pared intestinal y posterior translocación al torrente sanguíneo. Simultáneamente, se establece la presencia de infecciones secundarias por la formación de biofilms, tanto a nivel colorrectal como en válvulas cardíacas. El objetivo del manuscrito es un mapeo en la literatura médica disponible sobre la correlación entre la endocarditis por Streptococcus gallolyticus y las lesiones premalignas y malignas de colon. Simultáneamente, exponer la experiencia clínica de un hombre de 82 años con diagnóstico de endocarditis por Streptococcus gallolyticus y el hallazgo incidental de pólipos adenomatosos del colon(AU)


Streptococcus gallolyticus can present as the causative germ of infective endocarditis in patients with premalignant and malignant lesions of the colon. The pathophysiology that explains this phenomenon involves the local increase in lactate that can be presented as the causal germ of infective endocarditis in patients with premalignant and malignant lesions, collagen, fibrinogen, and fibronectin levels secondary to tumor metabolic hyperactivity, which generates a suitable environment for bacterial growth and adhesion to the intestinal wall and subsequent translocation to the bloodstream. Simultaneously, the presence of secondary infections is established due to the formation of biofilms, both at the colorectal level and in the heart valves. The objective of the manuscript is a mapping in the available medical literature on the correlation between Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis and premalignant and malignant colonic lesions. Simultaneously, to present the clinical experience of an 82-year-old man diagnosed with Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis and the incidental finding of adenomatous polyps of the colon(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Endocarditis/physiopathology , Streptococcus gallolyticus/virology , Bacterial Adhesion , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Abdominal Pain , Colonic Polyps , Drug Therapy
19.
J. bras. pneumol ; 48(1): e20210371, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360543

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Lung cancer screening (LCS) programs are increasing worldwide. Incidental findings (IFs) on LCS are defined as low-dose CT findings unrelated to the primary purpose of identifying lung cancer. Most IFs on LCS are benign and clinically insignificant but are being increasingly recognized, and some require urgent referral for further diagnostic workup. Other findings are expected and are known as smoking-related comorbidities, including COPD, cardiovascular disease, emphysema, and interstitial lung disease, and their diagnosis can have a significant impact on patient prognosis. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the most common IFs on LCS, organized by organ. We will discuss the current literature on IFs on LCS, focusing on their prevalence, appropriate communication, and triggering of clinical pathway systems.


RESUMO Os programas de rastreamento de câncer de pulmão (RCP) estão aumentando em todo o mundo. Achados incidentais (AI) no RCP são achados de TC de baixa dose sem relação com o propósito principal de identificar câncer de pulmão. A maioria dos AI no RCP é benigna e clinicamente insignificante, mas os AI estão sendo cada vez mais reconhecidos, e alguns requerem encaminhamento urgente para investigação diagnóstica adicional. Outros achados são esperados e conhecidos como comorbidades relacionadas ao tabagismo, tais como DPOC, doença cardiovascular, enfisema e doença pulmonar intersticial, e seu diagnóstico pode ter um impacto significativo no prognóstico do paciente. O propósito deste ensaio pictórico é ilustrar os AI mais comuns no RCP, organizados por órgão/sistema. Discutiremos a literatura atual a respeito de AI no RCP, com foco em sua prevalência, comunicação apropriada e desencadeamento de procedimentos clínicos.

20.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 70: e20220047, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1406496

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT To identify the main incidental findings (IFs) in the head and neck region using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and the impact on patient's live. The study was carried out using an integrative review method, starting with a guiding question followed by searches in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source for articles from 2009 until 2019. Forty-one articles became the object of this work. The incidental findings most reported by the articles are present in the bone and TMJ regions, with 35 different AIs being found. However, they are also common in the airways, such as mucosal thickening and retention mucosal cysts. Among the dental, the most pointed are impacted and supernumerary teeth. In the group of soft tissue calcifications, tonsillolite and calcification of the hyoid-style process are the most frequent. Atheroma and malignant lesions are less prevalent, but important due to the impact on patient's life. The main incident findings are bone / TMJ, followed by dental, soft tissue calcifications, airways and other findings. Most of them do not affect patient's life. However, some IFs require immediate interventions and are generally associated with elderly patients. Finally, more than half of the studies pointed out that the incidental findings are located in an extragnatic region.


RESUMO Identificar os principais achados incidentais na região de cabeça e pescoço com o uso de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) e os impactos na vida dos pacientes. O estudo foi realizado utilizando como método a revisão integrativa, iniciado com pergunta norteadora seguida de buscas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source por trabalhos de 2009 até o ano de 2019. Tornaram-se objeto deste trabalho quarenta e um artigos. Os achados incidentais mais relatados pelos artigos estão presentes nas regiões ósseas e de ATM, sendo encontrados 35 diferente AIs. No entanto, eles também são comuns em vias aéreas, como o espessamento de mucosa e cistos de retenção mucoso. Entre os dentários, os mais apontados são dentes impactados e supranumerários. Já no grupo das calcificações de tecidos moles, o tonsilólito e as calcificação do processo estilo-hióide são as mais frequentes. Ateromas e lesões malignas são achados com menor prevalência, mas importantes devido ao impacto na vida do paciente. Os principais achados incidentais são os ósseos/ATM, seguidos pelos dentários, as calcificações de tecidos moles, os das vias aéreas e outros achados. A maioria deles não afetam a vida do paciente. Porém, alguns AIs requerem intervenções imediatas e geralmente estão associadas a pacientes idosos. Por fim, mais da metade dos estudos apontaram que os achados incidentais estão localizados em região extragnática.

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